Context
The Syrian Arab Republic is one of the countries highly affected by the global warming and climate change, especially the unprecedented climatic phenomenon, such as precipitation change and rainstorms, drying up of some rivers or dropping water levels of natural and artificial lakes, frequent drought and its increasing risks, unprecedented levels of temperatures, heat waves, forest fires, sand and dust storms, increasing duration and frequency of sand and dust storms, and desertification.
The Syrian Arab Republic was covered with forests and trees for decades ago extended from the Mediterranean to the Syrian Badia, while forests covered 32% of Syrian territories last century, but gradually deteriorated to less than 3% due to the effect of frequent drought spells, wildfires and land degradation, especially agricultural ones, which negatively affect the lives of many people and pose a threat to national food security and quality of life.
The energy sector is facing several challenges, the most important is the improvement of the level of crude oil production, development of power generation capacity, restoration of the transmission and distribution network, financing of existing refineries improvement projects and the construction of new refineries to produce oil products in international specifications, in order to mitigate fuel combustion emissions (gasoline and fuel oil).
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